دراسة "تكنولوجيا الحاسوب والعملية التعليمية "

[TARZAN]

تكنولوجيا الحاسوب والعملية التعليمية

اعداد ودراسة - حورية المالكي

رئيسة قسم الحاسب التعليمي بمركز الحاسب الآلي

ملخص الدراسة

يتسم عصرنا الحالي بالتقدم العلمي والتقني الهائل والذي ساهم في إحداث كثير من التغيرات في شتى ميادين الحياة المختلفة،الاجتماعية والثقافية والاقتصادية والتربوية وغيرها . وقد دخل مجتمعنا عصر التقنية من أوسع أبوابها فهو أحد المستهلكين لمنتجاتها المتنوعة ،لتنمي الدولة ذاتها وأفرادها عليها مواكبة غيرها من الدول المتقدمة والمتحضرة .
ولم يعد ممكناً ترك العملية التعليمية بمراحلها المختلفة دون أن تتناول هذه التكنولوجيا الحديثة لمسايرة التطورات السريعة في هذا العصر ، لذا غدا التطوير والتحديث من خلال التخطيط الجيد من أهم الأهداف التي يسعى التربويون لتحقيقها لتلبية احتياجات المجتمع ومطالب نمو المتعلمين لقد أدركت أمم كثيرة أهمية التخطيط لبناء مجتمع متقدم يكون أساسه العلم والمعرفة.
وقد أدى التطور المعرفي والتفجير العلمي الهائل والتقدم التقني في النصف الثاني من هذا القرن إلى التزايد المستمر في كمية البيانات والمعلومات التي تعامل معها الإنسان في شتى مجالات الحياة ، الأمر الذي دفعه إلى البحث عن وسيلة لتخزين هذه المعلومات والبيانات واسترجاعها واستثمارها بالشكل الأمثل وهكذا بدأت بعض المجتمعات المتقدمة تتحول إلى ما يمكن أن نطلق عليه ( المجتمعات المعلوماتية) ، وهي مرحلة تعتبر امتداداً للمرحلة الصناعية ، يعتمد فيها اقتصاد المجتمعات بصورة أساسية على ( الصناعات المعلوماتية ) وليس على الصناعات التقليدية.
وإذا كانت المجتمعات المتقدمة حتى الآن هي الأعظم ثروة والأقوى اقتصاداً ، فإن القرن القادم سيشهد تحولاً يكون فيه الغنى والثروة للدول المتقدمة معلوماتياً.

تكنولوجيا المعلومات:Information Technologyهي ايجاد الطرق والأدوات المناسبة لتخزين المعلومات وتنظيمها وسرعة استرجاعها عند اللزوم وعرضها بأحسن الأشكال المفيدة التي تساعد على اتخاذ القرارات المناسبة.

وهنا تبرز أهمية الحاسوب كعنصر أساسي في جميع التطبيقات أو الصناعات المتعلقة بالمعلومات ، لأنها سوف تعتمد على قواعد المعلومات وسيكون الحاسوب هو الجهاز المحرك لها .

والتأثير الاقتصادي للمعلولات ليس ناتجاً عن نشوء الصناعات المعلوماتية فحسب ، بل هو نتيجة تأثير المعلومات على إنتاجية الأفراد في المجتمع وبالتالي زيادة لإنتاجية في الصناعات الأخرى .

وقد أظهرت الدراسات أن المعرفة والمعلومات تؤديان إلى أن يقوم العامل بعمله بكفاءة وذكاء .

إن نهوض الصناعات المعلوماتية يتطلب بالضرورة بناء الأسس والهياكل التي ستقوم عليها هذه الصناعات ، وإن أهم هذه الأسس هي القوة البشرية المتعلقة بالحاسوب ، والتي تهدف إلى مايلي:

أولاً : إيجاد الصناعات المعلوماتية .
ثانياً: تقليص الهوة المعلوماتية بين المجتمعات المتقدمة والمجتمعات النامية .
ثالثاً: تكوين الفكر المعلوماتي بين أفراد المجتمع .
مما يؤدى ذلك إلى زيادة إنتاجية أفراد المجتمع عن طريق الاستغلال الأمثل للمعلومات

مشكلة الدراسة:

- نظراً للتطور الهائل في مجال وسائل الاتصال وتقنياتها المختلفة ومن أبرزها الحاسوب وماله من دور هام في الحياة بشكل خاص.
- وأيضاً لما للشبكة العالمية للمعلومات ( Internet ) من أهمية في هذا العصر على جميع جوانب الحياة.
- وهذه الثورة في الاتصالات تحتم على التعليم أن يكون مشاركا فيها ومنتجاً ومستفيداً ومقوما لها ، لا مستهلكاً أو متفرجا عليها فقط.

لذا فإن هذه الدراسة تحاول الإجابة على الأسئلة التالية:
1- ما المقصود بتكنولوجيا المعلومات؟
2- ما مزايا استخدام تكنولوجيا الحاسوب في العملية التعليمية؟
3- كيف يمكن استخدام الحاسوبقcomputer لحل بعض المشكلات التعليمية؟
4-ما هي تطبيقات الحاسوب computer في العملية التعليمية؟
5- ما أهمية استخدام الشبكة العالمية للمعلومات (الإنترنت Internet ) في العملية التعليمية؟
6-ما هي مميزات استخدام الإنترنت( Internet ) في العملية التعليمية ؟
7- ما هي تطبيقات الإنترنت( Internet ) في العملية التعليمية ؟

هدف الدراسة:

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى :
- تعرف دور تكنولوجيا المعلومات في العملية التعليمية.
- تعرف أهم التطبيقات التربوية للحاسوب computer في العملية التعليمية.
- تعرف أهم التطبيقات التربوية للإنترنت Internet) ) في العملية التعليمية.
أهمية الدراسة:

تكمن أهمية الدراسة فيما يلي:
1- التعرف على الحاسوب وتقنياته المتعددة وتطبيقاته في مجال العملية التعليمة .
2- التعرف على الشبكة العالمية للمعلومات الإنترنت وتطبيقاتها في مجال العملية التعليمية.
3- وضع مجموعة من التوصيات التربوية يمكن أن تسهم في تفعيل تكنولوجيا الحاسوب في العملية التعليمية.

منهج الدراسة:

بهدف الإجابة على أسئلة الدراسة استخدم الأسلوب الوصفي التحليلي .

مصطلحات الدراسة:

1- تكنولوجيا Technology :
تعني الاستخدام الأمثل للمعرفة العلمية وتطبيقاتها وتطويعها لخدمة الإنسان ورفاهيته.(1)


2-تكنولوجيا المعلومات Information Technology:
هي إيجاد الطرق والأدوات المناسبة لتخزين المعلومات وتنظيمها وسرعة استرجاعها عند اللزوم وعرضها بأحسن الأشكال المفيدة التي تساعد على اتخاذ القرارات المناسبة .(2)


3-استخدام التكنولوجيا في التعليم Technology in Education:
تعني وجود عنصر التكنولوجيا في العملية التعليمية تطويراً أو إثراءً لها وتيسيراً لعمليتي التعليم والتعلم ، ويقصد بذلك استخدام الوسائل التكنولوجية في العملية التعليمية من وسائل صوتيه وضوئية وفيديو وشرائح وحاسبات وغيرها .(3)
4-حاسوب Computer:
هو جهاز إلكتروني قابل للبرمجه يتقبل بيانات وتعليمات ويخزنها ويقوم بمعالجتها ثم يخرج النتائج وفقاً للتعليمات المعطاة له.(4)

5-شبكة حاسوبية Computer Net work:
مجموعة من الحواسيب المتصلة بعضها البعض وموزعة في موقع واحد (شبكة محلية) أو مواقع متباعدة ( شبكة واسعة).(5)

- (1،3) د.أحمد حسين اللقاني ،د.علي الجمل ، معجم المصطلحات التربوية المعرفة في المناهج وطرق التدريس ، الطبعة الأولى ،1996م ، القاهرة-مصر .

- (2،4،5) وزارة التربية والتعليم ،تكنولوجيا المعلومات ، للصف الأول الثانوي ، الفصل الدراسي الأول ، الطبعة الثالثة، 2002م، الدوحة-قطر.


يمكن تصنيف برامج الحاسوب المستخدمة في التعليم إلى ثلاثة أنواع رئيسية هي:
1- استخدام الحاسوب كمادة تعليمية .
2- استخدام الحاسوب كوسيلة تعليمية .
3- استخدام الحاسوب في إدارة العملية التعليمية .

ابراهيم الفار، التعليم والتعلم المعزز بالحاسوب –الرؤية والمستقبل ، وقائع ندوة الحاسوب في جامعات دول الخليج العربي، 1415هـ 1995م.
وقد أكدت كثير من الدراسات الى إمكانية تحسين التعليم باستخدام الحاسوب وتوفير تفاعلاً واستيعاباً أفضل للمتعلم . كما أشارت الدراسات أن التعليم باستخدام الحاسوب يمتاز بميزات عدة من أبرزها :

1- توفير فرصاً كافية للمتعلم للعمل بسرعته وقدراته الخاصة مما يكسبه بعضامن مزايا تفريد التعليم . وتزويد المتعلم بتغذية راجعة فورية .
2- التشويق والمرونة باستخدامه بالمكان والزمان والكيفية المناسبة للمتعلم .
3- يساهم بزيادة ثقة المتعلم بنفسه وينمي المفاهيم الإيجابية للذات " Self-Concept" .( * )
Louzon, A. C&Moore, A.B.(1989)A Fourth Generation Distance Education System: Integrating C AL and Computer Conferencing.Ameriican gournal of Distance Education

[Qiuene22]

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"My Lord, I have good news on that score. I have - with difficulty, and after great effort - succeeded in placing an Imperius Curse upon Pius Thicknesse."Many of those sitting around Yaxley looked impressed; his neighbor, Dolohov, a man with a long, twisted face, clapped him on the back."It is a start," said Voldemort. "But Thicknesse is only one man. Scrimgeour must be surrounded by our people before I act. One failed attempt on the Minister's life will set me back a long way.""Yes - my Lord, that is true - but you know, as Head of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement, Thicknesse has regular contact not only with the Minister himself, but also with the Heads of all the other Ministry departments. It will, I think, be easy now that we have such a high-ranking official under our control, to subjugate the others, and then they can all work together to bring Scrimgeour down.""As long as our friend Thicknesse is not discovered before he has converted the rest," said Voldemort. "At any rate, it remains unlikely that the Ministry will be mine before next Saturday. If we cannot touch the boy at his destination, then it must be done while he travels.""We are at an advantage there, my Lord," said Yaxley, who seemed determined to receive some portion of approval. "We now have several people planted within the Department of Magical Transport. If Potter Apparates or uses the Floo Network, we shall know immediately.""He will not do either," said Snape. "The Order is eschewing any form of transport that is controlled or regulated by the Ministry; they mistrust everything to do with the place.""All the better," said Voldemort. "He will have to move in the open. Easier to take, by far."Again, Voldemort looked up at the slowly revolving body as he went on, "I shall attend to the boy in person. There have been too many mistakes where Harry Potter is concerned. Some of them have been my own. That Potter lives is due more to my errors than to his triumphs."The company around the table watched Voldemort apprehensively, each of them, by his or her expression, afraid that they might be blamed for Harry Potter's continued existence. Voldemort, however, seemed to be speaking more to himself than to any of them, still addressing the unconscious body above him."I have been careless, and so have been thwarted by luck and chance, those wreckers of all but the best-laid plans. But I know better now. I understand those things that I did not understand before. I must be the one to kill Harry Potter, and I shall be."At these words, seemingly in response to them, a sudden wail sounded, a terrible, drawn-out cry of misery and pain. Many of those at the table looked downward, startled, for the sound had seemed to issue from below their feet."Wormtail," said Voldemort, with no change in his quiet, thoughtful tone, and without removing his eyes from the revolving body above, "have I not spoken to you about keeping our prisoner quiet?""Yes, m-my Lord," gasped a small man halfway down the table, who had been sitting so low in his chair that it appeared, at first glance, to be unoccupied. Now he scrambled from his seat and scurried from the room, leaving nothing behind him but a curious gleam of silver."As I was saying," continued Voldemort, looking again at the tense faces of his followers, "I understand better now. I shall need, for instance, to borrow a wand from one of you before I go to kill Potter."The faces around him displayed nothing but shock; he might have announced that he wanted to borrow one of their arms."No volunteers?" said Voldemort. "Let's see \a133 Lucius, I see no reason for you to have a wand anymore."Lucius Malfoy looked up. His skin appeared yellowish and waxy in the firelight, and his eyes were sunken and shadowed. When he spoke, his voice was hoarse."My Lord?"Harry led them all back into the kitchen where wow gold, laughing and chattering, they settled on chairs, buy cheap wow dold, sat themselves upon Aunt Petunia's gleaming work surfaces, or leaned up against her spotless appliances; Ron, long and lanky; Hermione wow gold, her bushy hair tied back in a long plait lord of the rings gold; Fred and George, grinning identically; Bill, badly scarred and long-haired; Mr. Weasley, kind-faced, balding, his spectacles a little awry; Mad-Eye, battle-worn, one-legged, his bright blue magical eye whizzing in its socket; Tonks, whose short hair was her favorite shade of bright pink; Lupin, grayer, more lined; Fleur, slender and beautiful, with her long silvery blonde hair; Kingsley, bald and broad-shouldered; Hagrid, with his wild hair and beard WOW Power leveling, standing hunchbacked to avoid hitting his head on the ceiling; and Mundungus Fletcher, small, dirty, and hangdog, with his droopy beady hound's eyes and matted hair. Harry's heart seemed to expand and glow at the sight: Hefelt incredibly fond of all of them, even Mundungus wow gold, whom he had tried to strangle the last time they had met. Harry looking for wow gold at the world...

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